For five hundred years the silver penny was
Englands sole denomination.  During that
time coins were halved or quartered in
order to provide small change.
Another activity associated with hammered
coinage was that of clipping - whereby
small amounts of silver were removed from
the edges of coins. Once a reasonable  
quantity had been collected the precious
metal would then be sold.
Clipping was illegal, and carried a penalty
of torture or death for those found guilty

Cut halfpenny (much enlarged) Henry II 1154 -1189